| Identification |
| HMDB Protein ID
| CDBP02417 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| Not Available |
| Name
| 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 |
| Description
| Not Available |
| Synonyms
|
- PLC-epsilon-1
- Pancreas-enriched phospholipase C
- Phosphoinositide phospholipase C-epsilon-1
- Phospholipase C-epsilon-1
|
| Gene Name
| PLCE1 |
| Protein Type
| Enzyme |
| Biological Properties |
| General Function
| Involved in calcium ion binding |
| Specific Function
| The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. PLCE1 is a bifunctional enzyme which also regulates small GTPases of the Ras superfamily through its Ras guanine-exchange factor (RasGEF) activity. As an effector of heterotrimeric and small G-protein, it may play a role in cell survival, cell growth, actin organization and T-cell activation.
|
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| regulation of Ras protein signal transduction |
| regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway |
| heart development |
| cytoskeleton organization |
| glomerulus development |
| inositol phosphate-mediated signaling |
| phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| regulation of smooth muscle contraction |
| protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| Ras protein signal transduction |
| regulation of cell growth |
| epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
| diacylglycerol biosynthetic process |
| activation of MAPK activity |
| elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
| phospholipid metabolic process |
| calcium-mediated signaling |
| cell proliferation |
| lipid catabolic process |
| Cellular Component |
| cytosol |
| plasma membrane |
| Golgi membrane |
| Component |
| intracellular |
| cell part |
| Function |
| calcium ion binding |
| lipase activity |
| ion binding |
| phospholipase activity |
| cation binding |
| metal ion binding |
| hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds |
| binding |
| catalytic activity |
| hydrolase activity |
| phosphoric ester hydrolase activity |
| enzyme regulator activity |
| phosphoric diester hydrolase activity |
| phospholipase c activity |
| phosphoinositide phospholipase c activity |
| nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity |
| gtpase regulator activity |
| guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity |
| Molecular Function |
| phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity |
| Ras GTPase binding |
| receptor signaling protein activity |
| guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity |
| calcium ion binding |
| Process |
| signaling |
| signaling pathway |
| intracellular signal transduction |
| small gtpase mediated signal transduction |
| metabolic process |
| primary metabolic process |
| biological regulation |
| regulation of biological process |
| regulation of cellular process |
| signal transduction |
| lipid metabolic process |
| intracellular signaling pathway |
|
| Cellular Location
|
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus membrane
- cytosol
|
| Pathways
|
| Name | SMPDB/Pathwhiz | KEGG | | Calcium signaling pathway | Not Available |  | | Phosphatidylinositol signaling system | Not Available |  | | Proteoglycans in cancer | Not Available |  |
|
| Gene Properties |
| Chromosome Location
| 10 |
| Locus
| 10q23 |
| SNPs
| PLCE1 |
| Gene Sequence
|
>6909 bp
ATGACTTCTGAAGAAATGACAGCTTCTGTTCTCATACCTGTGACTCAGAGAAAAGTGGTT
TCTGCCCAGTCGGCTGCAGATGAAAGTAGTGAAAAGGTCTCAGACATCAATATTTCAAAA
GCACATACTGTCAGACGAAGTGGGGAGACTTCTCATACCATCTCACAACTGAACAAACTT
AAAGAAGAACCTTCTGGAAGCAACTTGCCAAAGATTCTCTCAATAGCGAGGGAGAAAATA
GTGAGTGATGAGAACAGTAATGAAAAATGTTGGGAGAAAATCATGCCAGATTCTGCGAAA
AACCTTAACATTAACTGCAACAACATATTGAGAAACCATCAGCATGGCCTTCCTCAGAGA
CAATTTTATGAAATGTACAACTCTGTTGCTGAGGAAGACTTGTGTTTAGAAACTGGAATT
CCTTCTCCACTGGAAAGAAAGGTGTTCCCTGGAATTCAACTGGAACTAGACAGACCTTCC
ATGGGCATTAGTCCTTTAGGAAATCAGTCAGTGATCATAGAGACAGGCAGAGCACACCCT
GACAGCAGAAGGGCAGTATTTCATTTTCATTATGAAGTTGACAGAAGAATGTCAGACACT
TTCTGTACCCTATCAGAAAACTTAATTTTAGACGATTGTGGAAATTGTGTACCACTACCT
GGGGGTGAGGAGAAGCAAAAGAAAAACTATGTGGCATATACCTGTAAACTGATGGAATTG
GCCAAAAATTGTGATAATAAGAATGAGCAGCTGCAGTGTGATCATTGTGACACCTTGAAT
GATAAATACTTTTGCTTTGAAGGCTCTTGTGAGAAGGTTGACATGGTATATTCAGGTGAT
AGCTTTTGTAGGAAAGACTTTACTGACAGTCAAGCTGCCAAGACCTTTTTGAGCCATTTT
GAGGACTTCCCTGATAATTGTGATGATGTAGAAGAAGACGCTTTTAAAAGCAAAAAGGAG
CGATCCACTTTGTTAGTCAGGAGATTCTGTAAAAATGACAGAGAAGTTAAGAAATCTGTG
TATACTGGAACAAGAGCAATTGTGAGAACTCTGCCTTCTGGCCACATTGGGCTGACTGCA
TGGAGTTACATAGATCAGAAGAGAAATGGTCCCTTACTGCCTTGTGGGAGAGTAATGGAA
CCCCCGTCAACAGTGGAGATAAGGCAAGATGGGAGCCAACGTCTGTCAGAAGCCCAGTGG
TATCCTATCTACAATGCAGTGAGAAGAGAAGAAACAGAAAATACAGTTGGATCTCTACTC
CATTTCCTCACCAAGCTCCCAGCCTCCGAGACAGCCCATGGAAGGATAAGCGTTGGTCCA
TGCTTAAAGCAATGTGTCCGAGACACTGTATGTGAGTATCGCGCCACCCTCCAAAGGACT
TCAATATCGCAGTACATCACCGGTTCTCTCCTAGAAGCAACCACGTCTTTGGGAGCAAGA
AGTGGCCTTCTCAGTACTTTTGGAGGATCCACTGGACGAATGATGCTGAAAGAACGCCAG
CCAGGCCCCTCTGTGGCCAATTCCAATGCCCTCCCTTCAAGTTCAGCTGGGATCAGCAAG
GAGCTGATCGATCTGCAGCCTCTCATCCAGTTCCCAGAGGAAGTCGCCAGCATCCTGATG
GAGCAAGAGCAGACTATTTACCGCAGGGTCTTGCCAGTCGACTACCTTTGCTTCTTAACA
CGGGACTTGGGCACTCCTGAATGCCAGAGCTCCTTGCCCTGCCTCAAAGCATCCATCTCA
GCGTCGATTCTTACCACTCAGAATGGAGAGCACAATGCCCTTGAAGATCTGGTGATGAGG
TTTAATGAGGTGAGCTCCTGGGTGACATGGCTGATCCTCACGGCAGGCTCCATGGAGGAG
AAGCGAGAAGTCTTTTCATATTTGGTGCATGTGGCCAAATGCTGCTGGAACATGGGCAAC
TACAACGCTGTCATGGAGTTCTTGGCTGGCCTCAGGTCAAGAAAAGTTTTAAAAATGTGG
CAGTTCATGGACCAGTCTGATATTGAGACCATGAGGAGCCTGAAGGATGCTATGGCCCAG
CATGAGTCCTCTTGTGAGTACAGAAAGGTGGTGACACGTGCCCTGCACATCCCTGGCTGT
AAGGTGGTTCCATTCTGTGGGGTGTTTCTGAAGGAGCTCTGTGAAGTGCTTGACGGCGCC
TCCGGTCTCATGAAGCTTTGCCCGCGGTACAATTCCCAAGAAGAAACTTTAGAGTTTGTA
GCAGATTACAGTGGACAAGATAATTTCTTACAACGAGTGGGACAAAATGGCTTAAAGAAT
TCGGAGAAGGAGTCCACTGTCAACAGCATCTTTCAGGTCATCCGGAGCTGCAATCGAAGT
CTGGAGACAGACGAGGAGGACAGCCCCAGTGAAGGAAACAGCTCCAGGAAAAGCTCCTTG
AAGGATAAAAGCCGATGGCAGTTTATAATTGGAGATTTGTTGGATTCAGACAATGACATC
TTTGAGCAATCCAAAGAATACGACTCTCATGGTTCAGAGGACTCACAGAAGGCCTTCGAC
CATGGGACGGAGCTCATCCCTTGGTACGTGCTGTCCATCCAAGCCGATGTGCACCAGTTC
CTGCTGCAGGGGGCCACGGTCATCCACTACGACCAGGACACACACCTCTCTGCCCGCTGC
TTCCTCCAGCTTCAGCCCGACAATAGCACCTTGACCTGGGTAAAGCCCACAACTGCCTCC
CCAGCCAGCAGTAAAGCAAAACTTGGTGTACTTAATAACACAGCTGAGCCTGGAAAATTC
CCACTACTGGGTAATGCTGGATTAAGTAGCCTGACGGAAGGGGTCTTGGATCTTTTTGCA
GTGAAGGCTGTATACATGGGCCACCCTGGCATTGATATACACACTGTGTGTGTTCAGAAC
AAACTGGGTAGCATGTTCCTGTCAGAGACTGGTGTGACATTGCTCTATGGGCTTCAGACC
ACAGACAACAGATTATTGCACTTCGTGGCACCAAAGCACACAGCTAAAATGCTCTTCAGC
GGATTATTGGAACTCACTAGAGCTGTGAGAAAGATGAGGAAATTCCCTGACCAAAGACAG
CAGTGGCTGCGGAAACAGTACGTCAGCCTTTATCAGGAGGATGGACGGTATGAAGGCCCA
ACTTTGGCTCACGCTGTGGAGTTGTTTGGTGGCAGACGGTGGAGTGCTCGAAACCCCAGC
CCCGGAACATCAGCAAAGAATGCTGAGAAGCCCAATATGCAGAGAAACAATACCCTGGGC
ATAAGCACTACCAAGAAAAAGAAGAAAATCCTCATGAGGGGTGAGAGTGGAGAGGTAACT
GACGATGAGATGGCAACCCGAAAGGCCAAGATGCACAAAGAGTGTCGAAGCCGGAGTGGT
TCTGATCCTCAAGACATTAATGAACAAGAAGAATCAGAGGTGAATGCCATCGCTAACCCT
CCAAACCCCCTCCCTTCCAGAAGAGCCCACTCTTTGACCACAGCTGGGTCCCCCAACTTG
GCTGCCGGGACGTCATCTCCCATCAGGCCAGTGTCCTCCCCTGTGCTGTCTTCTTCAAAC
AAGAGCCCATCCAGTGCTTGGAGCAGTAGTAGCTGGCACGGGCGGATCAAAGGCGGCATG
AAGGGATTTCAGAGCTTCATGGTTTCAGATAGCAACATGAGTTTTGTTGAATTTGTTGAG
CTGTTCAAATCATTCAGTGTCAGGAGCCGCAAGGACCTGAAGGATCTGTTTGATGTCTAT
GCAGTGCCCTGCAACCGATCTGGCTCCGAGTCAGCCCCACTCTACACCAACCTGACAATT
GATGAAAACACCAGCGATCTTCAGCCTGACCTAGATCTGTTGACCAGAAATGTCTCGGAT
TTGGGGTTGTTCATTAAGAGTAAACAGCAGCTATCGGACAACCAGAGGCAGATATCTGAT
GCCATTGCTGCTGCAAGCATTGTGACAAATGGCACTGGGATTGAGAGCACATCTCTGGGC
ATTTTTGGGGTGGGCATACTTCAGCTCAACGATTTCCTCGTGAATTGCCAAGGAGAACAC
TGCACTTATGATGAAATCCTCAGCATCATCCAGAAGTTCGAGCCTAGCATCAGTATGTGT
CATCAGGGACTAATGTCATTTGAAGGGTTTGCCAGGTTTCTGATGGATAAAGAAAATTTT
GCCTCAAAAAATGATGAGTCACAGGAGAACATTAAAGAACTGCAGCTACCCCTCTCATAC
TATTACATCGAATCTTCGCACAATACCTACCTCACGGGCCATCAGCTCAAAGGAGAATCC
TCGGTAGAACTCTACAGCCAGGTCCTTTTGCAAGGCTGTCGAAGTGTAGAATTGGACTGC
TGGGACGGAGACGATGGGATGCCCATCATTTATCATGGACATACGCTGACAACCAAGATC
CCCTTCAAGGAAGTGGTTGAAGCCATTGATCGCAGTGCCTTCATCAACTCTGACCTGCCA
ATCATCATATCGATTGAGAACCACTGTTCATTGCCTCAGCAACGAAAAATGGCAGAAATT
TTCAAGACTGTGTTTGGAGAAAAGCTGGTGACTAAATTCTTATTTGAGACTGATTTCTCA
GATGATCCAATGCTTCCTTCACCTGACCAACTCAGAAAGAAAGTTCTTCTTAAAAACAAG
AAGCTAAAAGCCCATCAGACGCCAGTGGATATCTTAAAGCAAAAGGCTCATCAGTTAGCA
TCTATGCAAGTGCAGGCTTATAATGGTGGGAATGCCAACCCCCGACCTGCCAATAATGAG
GAAGAGGAAGATGAGGAGGACGAATATGATTATGACTATGAATCCCTTTCTGATGACAAC
ATTCTGGAAGACAGACCTGAAAATAAATCATGTAATGACAAGCTTCAGTTTGAATATAAT
GAAGAAATCCCAAAGAGGATAAAGAAAGCAGATAACTCTGCTTGCAACAAAGGAAAGGTT
TATGATATGGAACTGGGAGAAGAATTTTATCTTGATCAGAATAAAAAGGAAAGCAGACAG
ATTGCACCAGAGCTTTCTGACCTTGTAATCTATTGTCAAGCAGTAAAATTTCCAGGACTG
TCAACTCTAAATGCATCTGGCTCTAGCAGAGGAAAAGAAAGGAAAAGCAGGAAGTCCATT
TTTGGCAACAATCCGGGCAGAATGAGCCCAGGGGAGACAGCATCATTTAACAAAACATCT
GGAAAAAGTTCCTGTGAAGGCATTCGACAGACCTGGGAGGAATCTTCTTCCCCTCTCAAC
CCAACCACGTCCCTCAGTGCTATCATTAGAACTCCCAAATGTTATCATATCTCGTCGCTG
AATGAAAATGCCGCCAAACGTCTGTGTCGCAGGTATTCTCAGAAACTGACCCAGCACACC
GCCTGTCAGCTGCTGAGAACTTACCCTGCTGCCACCCGCATCGACTCTTCCAACCCGAAC
CCCCTCATGTTCTGGCTCCATGGGATACAGCTTGTGGCACTCAACTACCAGACTGATGAT
CTCCCTTTACATTTAAATGCTGCAATGTTTGAGGCAAATGGTGGTTGTGGTTATGTATTG
AAACCTCCAGTTCTGTGGGACAAGAACTGCCCCATGTATCAGAAGTTTTCTCCACTAGAA
AGAGATCTGGACAGCATGGATCCTGCAGTCTATTCTTTAACTATTGTCTCTGGTCAGAAT
GTGTGCCCCAGTAATAGCATGGGAAGCCCGTGCATTGAAGTCGACGTCCTGGGCATGCCT
CTGGACAGCTGCCATTTCCGCACAAAGCCCATCCATCGAAACACCCTGAACCCCATGTGG
AACGAGCAGTTTCTGTTCCACGTTCACTTCGAAGATCTTGTATTTCTTCGTTTTGCAGTT
GTGGAAAACAATAGTTCAGCGGTAACTGCTCAGAGAATCATTCCACTGAAAGCTTTAAAA
CGAGGATATCGACATCTTCAGCTGCGAAACCTTCACAATGAAGTCTTGGAGATTTCTAGT
TTATTCATTAACAGCAGAAGGATGGAAGAAAATTCCTCTGGCAATACCATGTCAGCCTCT
TCGATGTTTAATACAGAAGAAAGAAAATGTTTGCAGACTCACAGAGTCACGGTGCATGGG
GTCCCAGGGCCAGAGCCCTTTACCGTTTTCACTATTAATGGAGGCACCAAGGCAAAGCAG
CTTCTGCAGCAAATTCTGACAAATGAACAAGACATCAAACCTGTTACCACAGACTATTTT
TTGATGGAAGAAAAATATTTTATATCTAAAGAAAAGAATGAATGTAGGAAACAACCATTC
CAGAGAGCCATTGGTCCAGAAGAGGAGATCATGCAAATTTTAAGCAGCTGGTTTCCAGAA
GAGGGATACATGGGCAGGATTGTCTTAAAAACCCAGCAGGAAAACCTAGAAGAGAAAAAC
ATTGTTCAAGATGACAAAGAGGTGATCTTGAGCTCAGAGGAGGAGAGTTTCTTTGTCCAA
GTGCATGATGTTTCTCCAGAGCAACCTCGAACAGTCATCAAAGCACCCCGCGTCAGCACT
GCACAGGATGTCATTCAGCAGACCTTATGCAAAGCCAAATATTCCTACAGCATCCTGAGC
AACCCCAATCCAAGCGACTATGTGCTTTTGGAAGAGGTGGTGAAAGACACTACCAACAAG
AAGACTACCACACCAAAGTCCTCTCAGCGGGTCCTTCTGGATCAGGAGTGTGTGTTTCAA
GCCCAAAGCAAGTGGAAAGGTGCAGGAAAATTCATCCTTAAGCTAAAGGAGCAGGTGCAG
GCATCTCGAGAAGATAAAAAGAAAGGCATTTCTTTCGCAAGTGAACTCAAGAAGCTCACC
AAGTCAACTAAACAGCCCCGAGGACTTACATCACCTTCTCAGCTCTTGACCTCAGAAAGT
ATCCAAACCAAGGAGGAGAAACCTGTGGGTGGCTTGTCCTCCAGTGACACAATGGATTAC
CGACAGTGA
|
| Protein Properties |
| Number of Residues
| 2302 |
| Molecular Weight
| 223869.895 |
| Theoretical pI
| 6.631 |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
Not Available
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
>1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1
MTSEEMTASVLIPVTQRKVVSAQSAADESSEKVSDINISKAHTVRRSGETSHTISQLNKL
KEEPSGSNLPKILSIAREKIVSDENSNEKCWEKIMPDSAKNLNINCNNILRNHQHGLPQR
QFYEMYNSVAEEDLCLETGIPSPLERKVFPGIQLELDRPSMGISPLGNQSVIIETGRAHP
DSRRAVFHFHYEVDRRMSDTFCTLSENLILDDCGNCVPLPGGEEKQKKNYVAYTCKLMEL
AKNCDNKNEQLQCDHCDTLNDKYFCFEGSCEKVDMVYSGDSFCRKDFTDSQAAKTFLSHF
EDFPDNCDDVEEDAFKSKKERSTLLVRRFCKNDREVKKSVYTGTRAIVRTLPSGHIGLTA
WSYIDQKRNGPLLPCGRVMEPPSTVEIRQDGSQRLSEAQWYPIYNAVRREETENTVGSLL
HFLTKLPASETAHGRISVGPCLKQCVRDTVCEYRATLQRTSISQYITGSLLEATTSLGAR
SGLLSTFGGSTGRMMLKERQPGPSVANSNALPSSSAGISKELIDLQPLIQFPEEVASILM
EQEQTIYRRVLPVDYLCFLTRDLGTPECQSSLPCLKASISASILTTQNGEHNALEDLVMR
FNEVSSWVTWLILTAGSMEEKREVFSYLVHVAKCCWNMGNYNAVMEFLAGLRSRKVLKMW
QFMDQSDIETMRSLKDAMAQHESSCEYRKVVTRALHIPGCKVVPFCGVFLKELCEVLDGA
SGLMKLCPRYNSQEETLEFVADYSGQDNFLQRVGQNGLKNSEKESTVNSIFQVIRSCNRS
LETDEEDSPSEGNSSRKSSLKDKSRWQFIIGDLLDSDNDIFEQSKEYDSHGSEDSQKAFD
HGTELIPWYVLSIQADVHQFLLQGATVIHYDQDTHLSARCFLQLQPDNSTLTWVKPTTAS
PASSKAKLGVLNNTAEPGKFPLLGNAGLSSLTEGVLDLFAVKAVYMGHPGIDIHTVCVQN
KLGSMFLSETGVTLLYGLQTTDNRLLHFVAPKHTAKMLFSGLLELTRAVRKMRKFPDQRQ
QWLRKQYVSLYQEDGRYEGPTLAHAVELFGGRRWSARNPSPGTSAKNAEKPNMQRNNTLG
ISTTKKKKKILMRGESGEVTDDEMATRKAKMHKECRSRSGSDPQDINEQEESEVNAIANP
PNPLPSRRAHSLTTAGSPNLAAGTSSPIRPVSSPVLSSSNKSPSSAWSSSSWHGRIKGGM
KGFQSFMVSDSNMSFVEFVELFKSFSVRSRKDLKDLFDVYAVPCNRSGSESAPLYTNLTI
DENTSDLQPDLDLLTRNVSDLGLFIKSKQQLSDNQRQISDAIAAASIVTNGTGIESTSLG
IFGVGILQLNDFLVNCQGEHCTYDEILSIIQKFEPSISMCHQGLMSFEGFARFLMDKENF
ASKNDESQENIKELQLPLSYYYIESSHNTYLTGHQLKGESSVELYSQVLLQGCRSVELDC
WDGDDGMPIIYHGHTLTTKIPFKEVVEAIDRSAFINSDLPIIISIENHCSLPQQRKMAEI
FKTVFGEKLVTKFLFETDFSDDPMLPSPDQLRKKVLLKNKKLKAHQTPVDILKQKAHQLA
SMQVQAYNGGNANPRPANNEEEEDEEDEYDYDYESLSDDNILEDRPENKSCNDKLQFEYN
EEIPKRIKKADNSACNKGKVYDMELGEEFYLDQNKKESRQIAPELSDLVIYCQAVKFPGL
STLNASGSSRGKERKSRKSIFGNNPGRMSPGETASFNKTSGKSSCEGIRQTWEESSSPLN
PTTSLSAIIRTPKCYHISSLNENAAKRLCRRYSQKLTQHTACQLLRTYPAATRIDSSNPN
PLMFWLHGIQLVALNYQTDDLPLHLNAAMFEANGGCGYVLKPPVLWDKNCPMYQKFSPLE
RDLDSMDPAVYSLTIVSGQNVCPSNSMGSPCIEVDVLGMPLDSCHFRTKPIHRNTLNPMW
NEQFLFHVHFEDLVFLRFAVVENNSSAVTAQRIIPLKALKRGYRHLQLRNLHNEVLEISS
LFINSRRMEENSSGNTMSASSMFNTEERKCLQTHRVTVHGVPGPEPFTVFTINGGTKAKQ
LLQQILTNEQDIKPVTTDYFLMEEKYFISKEKNECRKQPFQRAIGPEEEIMQILSSWFPE
EGYMGRIVLKTQQENLEEKNIVQDDKEVILSSEEESFFVQVHDVSPEQPRTVIKAPRVST
AQDVIQQTLCKAKYSYSILSNPNPSDYVLLEEVVKDTTNKKTTTPKSSQRVLLDQECVFQ
AQSKWKGAGKFILKLKEQVQASREDKKKGISFASELKKLTKSTKQPRGLTSPSQLLTSES
IQTKEEKPVGGLSSSDTMDYRQ
|
| External Links |
| GenBank ID Protein
| 117168250 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| Q9P212 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| PLCE1_HUMAN |
| PDB IDs
|
|
| GenBank Gene ID
| NM_016341.3 |
| GeneCard ID
| PLCE1 |
| GenAtlas ID
| PLCE1 |
| HGNC ID
| HGNC:17175 |
| References |
| General References
| Not Available |